原标题：考研英语【题源外刊】第99期：抱愧不必定能批改人际联络
now, 正式进入到第 99期 外刊精读la
原文期刊：科学美国人
原文标题：
apologies fail to live up to our expectations
考研英语阅览论题—心思学
完满抱愧六要素：1、表达抱愧，招认差错，2、说明缘由 3、招认责任 4、标明悔改 5、提出抵偿 6、恳求宽恕，其间最要害的两点，就是招认差错，并主动提出抵偿损伤。
皮皮小科普
作者凭仗研讨者的实验标明：抱愧不必定能抵偿决裂的人际联络，但的确能起到批改社会次序的作用（受害者不必定会因对方的抱愧而和对方重归于好，有时却迫于外界压力不得不承受对方抱愧）。
这篇文章首要亮点有：论题靠迩来子，观念较有新意；规划清楚，依照“介绍我们惯常观点（第一段）——提出相反观念（第二段）——证明新观念（第三至五段）——进一步提出并深化研讨者观念（第六段）”的条理打开论说。
part one: 原文&单词
ⅰbank chiefs, oil company executives and notorious politicians seem as hypersensitive to admitting guilt as the public is eager to extract self-reproach from them. if sometimes we seem to scrutinize people more for their failure to say, “i’m sorry,” than for the breaches themselves, it is partly due to the cultural wisdom that an apology is the first step in mending a broken relationship.
第①段单词：
1.executive [?g?zekj?t?v] n.高管
2.extract [?ekstr?kt] v.讨取
3.scrutinize [?skru:t?na?z] v.细心查看
4.breach [bri:t?] n.违犯
ⅱour collective desire for apologies, though, may not be a great indicator of their effect once delivered. studies by a team of researchers of the rotterdam school of management have shown that people are poor forecasters of their emotional responses to life and tend to overestimate future reactions to both positive and negative situations.
第②段单词：
5.indicator [??nd?ke?t?(r)] n.指示者，指示物
6.overestimate [???v?r?est?me?t] v.高估
ⅲto simulate betrayals of trust, the researchers set up games and manipulated them. participants were given 10 to either keep or transfer in whole to a partner, in which case, participants were told, the amount would be tripled and their partner would decide how to split the total. once the transfers took place, participants were informed that their partners had decided to return only 5. each participant then received a written apology in which his or her partner expressed regret and acknowledged responsibility for the unfair trade. for comparison another group of participants played the trust game to the same outcome but were asked to imagine receiving an apology. a third group was asked to ima
gine the entire scenario, breach and apology.
第③段单词：
7.betrayal [b??tre??l] n.变节
8.triple [?tr?pl] v.三倍
9.scenario [s??nɑ:ri??] n.愿望中的将来作业
ⅳin their post-game analysis, participants who imagined the apology, regardless of whether the breach was real or imagined, rated the apology as more “valuable” and “reconciling” than did participants who actually received one.
第④段单词：
10.reconcile [?rek?nsa?l] v.宽和，调解
ⅴin a follow-up study the same participants repeated the game with the same mean but regretful partners, this time getting to choose how much of the initial 10 to transfer. “because participants were exploited in the first game, this amount is a behavioral measure of trust restoration. participants imagining the entire scenario predicted they would transfer on average 5.20. those who actually received an apology in the first game, however, were less trusting of their partners the second time around, handing over an average of 3.31.
第⑤段单词：
11.exploit [?k?spl??t] v.克扣
12.restoration [?rest??re??n] n.批改
ⅵ if apologies are not inherently as valuable as we believe, they are still effective in restoring social order because they trigger a highly ed reconciliation process. once an apology is offered, the pressure is then on “victims” to accept and move on. ironically, the failure to accept an apology transforms the victim into the sinner. children, less aware of social norms, often fail to graciously accept a regret. and an apology does not necessarily signal regret, add the researchers. sometimes apologies are offered not to make amends with victims but to signal to an external audience that one is a good person. so, it’s a tricky situation then, when your victim is in the audience.
第⑥段单词：
13.inherently [?n?h??r?ntl?] ad.固有地
14.ed [?skr?pt?d] a. 照稿子念的，文中比方“精心组织好的”
15.norm [n?:m] n.标准
16.amend [??mend] n.批改
part two: 长难句语法指点
if sometimes we seem to scrutinize people more for their failure to say, “i’m sorry,” than for the breaches themselves, it is partly due to the cultural wisdomthat an apology is the first step in mending a broken relationship.
标红有些为主句，橙色有些who引导的定语从句，紫色有些为rather than 介词短语，并非……
part three: 写作句型学习
xx, though, may not be a great indicator of yy.可是，xx或许并不能阐明yy。
原文例句：
our collective desire for apologies, though, may not be a great indicator of their effect once delivered. 可是，咱们关于抱愧的一起盼望或许并不能阐明抱愧的作用有多好。
if aa are not inherently as ……as we believe, they are still …… because ……
尽管xx本身并不像咱们所认为的那样……，但它仍然……，因为……
原文例句：
if apologies are not inherently as valuable as we believe, they are still effective in restoring social order because they trigger a highly ed reconciliation process.尽管抱愧本身并不像咱们所认为的那样有价值，但它在批改社会次序方面仍然有用，因为它们会触发一种精心组织的宽和进程。
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